Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers...

Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is Geoffrey Chaucers greatest and most memorable work. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses a fictitious pilgrimage [to Canterbury] as a framing device for a number of stories (Norton 79). In The General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer describes in detail the pilgrims he meets in the inn on their way to Canterbury. Chaucer is the author, but also a character and the narrator, and acts like a reporter to provide a detailed description of the pilgrims. Through his description, the reader is able to paint a picture of each of the characters. In The General Prologue, he describes each character by giving a detailed description of the†¦show more content†¦In The General Prologue, Chaucer describes the Wife of Bath as a deaf, gap-toothed woman. She has a bold face and wears ten pounds of coverchiefs and a hat on her head (Chaucer 91). She wears a skirt with red stockings and tight-laced supple shoes. She is also a great weaver and has been on many p ilgrimages. She is described in The General Prologue as being a worthy woman who has only had five husbands. She knows all the remedies of love and is an expert at and preaches and practices the art of love. In her Prologue, the Wife of Bath starts out by saying she is a believer in experience rather than authority. She says, Experience, though noon auctoritee Were in this world, is right ynough for me (Chaucer 117). The Wife of Bath has been married since the age of twelve and has had five husbands. So she definitely has a lot of experience in the area of sex and marriage. Therefore, she says that she is a strong believer in experience as opposed to written authority such as the Bible. She does not see anything wrong with the fact that she has had five husbands, because she says that even God wants man to increase and multiply: God bad is for to wexe and multiplye: that gentil text can I wel understonde (Chaucer 117). In fact, she is going on this pilgrimage to Canterbury with the hope of finding her sixth husband. Even though the Wife of Bath says she is a believer in experience rather than authority, she often quotes and uses the Bible to support herShow MoreRelatedSex in The Canterbu ry Tales Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer uses sex as a manipulative instrument in The Canterbury Tales. Portraying sex as a power that women exert over men rather than the marital bond of â€Å"making love† makes evident Chaucer’s skewed views of love and marriage with underlying tones of misogyny. He expresses these views throughout the work, however, the theme of love and sex is most evident in the sub-stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale. Chaucer breaks the topic of sex into two basic parts: carnality and romanticismRead MoreUse Of Satire In Canterbury Tales1301 Words   |  6 PagesChaucer’s Satyric Attack (An analysis of Chaucer’s use of satire to reach his intended audience in his Canterbury Tales) Satire is defined as â€Å"the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues† (Oxford). Another term that people would be more familiar with to describe this would be sarcasm. Language can be utilized in a nasty way, especially when wanting to demoralizeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Wife Of Bath 1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Fails: An Analysis of Misogyny in the Wife of Bath’s Tale At first glance, you wouldn’t think that the Wife of Bath’s tale is anything other than feminist. She is, undeniably, the only non-religious female character in The Canterbury Tales and therefore is the only character who is approached from a point of view that was generally uncommon. We don’t have many— or even any, as far as I’m aware— pieces of medieval literature written by or for women or with a main female protagonistRead MoreWomen In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales1288 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† is a collection of stories written between 1387 and 1400 about a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England) and on their way, they tell stories to each other about their lives and experiences. The stories constitute a critique of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church, while women seem to be presented in a different way than they are in other contemporary works. The aim of this essay is to presentRead More Powerful Satire in Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay3466 Words   |  14 PagesPowerful Satire in The Canterbury Tales If one theme can be considered overriding or defining throughout Medieval European society, it would most likely be the concept of social class structure. During this early historical period in Europe, most of society was divided into three classes or estates: the workers, the nobles, and the clerics. By Chaucers time, however, the powerful estate structure had begun to wear down. Weaknesses in the system became apparent, as many people, such as ChaucerRead More The Wife of Bath by Geoffery Chaucer Essay696 Words   |  3 Pages Analysis of the Wife of Bath nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, Chaucer starts his prologue with the description of twenty-nine people who are going on a pilgrimage. Each person has a different personality that we can recognize from the way people behave today. He purposely makes The Wife of Bath stand out more compared to the other characters. â€Å"In the â€Å"General Prologue,’ the wife of bath is intentionally described in an explicit way to provoke a shocking response† (BlackmanRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. Sometimes this is presented blatantlyRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By William Chaucer2261 Words   |  10 Pages183). The Wife of Bath is portrayed as a very flamboyant and domineering character. She enjoys things such as romance, traveling, and talking. The Wife of Bath is a feminist who depicts through her tale her radical belief that women should have dominion over their husbands. As shown in the opening quotation, the Wife of Bath is not afraid to admit that she had experienced five marriages. The Wife of Bath’s radical beliefs are demonstrated through the phylogeny in â€Å"The Wife of Bath Prologue andRead MoreThe Wife of Bath Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wife of Bath The Wife of Bath, one of the many characters in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, is a feminist of the fourteenth century. Chaucer, in the General Prologue, describes her as promiscuous. The Wyf confirms this claim in the prologue to her tale, the longest in the book. An analysis of the General Prologue and the Wyfs Prologue reveals a direct relationship between the Wyf of Bathe and the characters in her tale, such as the knight, queen, and ugly woman. There is a directRead More The Bourgeois Social Class in Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay5130 Words   |  21 Pageshis Canterbury Tales (CT) is a commentary on this system: its shortcomings and its benefits regarding English society. In fact, Chaucer is particularly adept at portraying each of his pilgrims as an example of various strata within 14th century English society. And upon first reading the CT, one might mistake Chaucers acute social awareness and insightful characterizations as accurate portrayals of British society in the late 1300s and early 1400s. Further, one might mistake his analysis, criticism

The Intergenerational Differences Free Essays

The Intergenerational Differences of the Japanese canadian issei, nisei, and sansei In the wake of World War II, The Japanese Issei and Nisei both experienced extreme racial prejudices brought about by pre-existing anti-Asian racism and fear driven panic from the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and as a result became enemy aliens. However, pre-war intergenerational differences between the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei such as; traditional values, education, language, and age directly influenced the differences of the reactions that the Issei and Nisei had during the prooting and internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II. The racism and prejudices against the Japanese Canadians can be traced back to when Japanese Immigrants first began to settle in Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on The Intergenerational Differences or any similar topic only for you Order Now This hatred was mainly triggered by the Canadians em. y of the Japanese Canadians hard work, discipline, and contempt with the low pay and living standards that were pushed upon them. l Many of the Japanese Canadian Issei spent an average of 30 years working as fisherman, small business owners, and farmers, and due to the looming racism were declared to be unable to assimilate into Canadian Society. As a result Japanese Canadians Formed small communities in which they lived. Ken Adachi best summarizes the effects of this pre-war racism of the Japanese Canadians in this passage from his book The Enemy That Never Was: Canadian society all at once totally rejected the Japanese, confronted them with negative sanctions, and apparently doomed them and their Canadian born children to remain, in essence, a permantley alien, non-voting population. But at the same time, few immigrant Japanese wanted any part in the larger society. 3 This passage helps explain why the Canadian-born Nisei children experienced the same prejudices as their Japanese- born parents despite the fact that they were Canadian-educated and had little if any to the Japanese way of life. 4 It is important to note the generation differences that existed among the Canadian Japanese Issei and Nisei prior to World War II. The Japanese Canadian Issei continued to practice traditional Japanese values, ideals and authoritarian parenting style in their adopted homeland. The Issei tried to pass these ideals down to their children, however the children’s involvement in the Canadian school district had a greater nfluence on the Nisei children and pushed them away from the Japanese ideals of their parents, and towards that of the Western Cultures. In fact, the majority of Japanese Canadian Nisei and Sansei disliked the forced Japanese teachings so much that Muriel Kitagawa explained that when the three Japanese newspapers and Japanese schools shut down following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Nisei and Sansei were overjoyed because they had more time to play6 Immediately following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7 1942, the Canadian Government began the persecution and suspicion of all Japanese Canadians. On December 8 1942 the Royal Canadian Navvy impounded 1,200 vessels owned by Japanese Nationals. 7 The Issei willingly obliged to the confiscation despite the fact that their income relied on the vessels8. It is important to note that when the decision to evacuate all males of Japanese descent between the ages of 18 and 45 from the West Coast into the interior, there were only 5,000 of the 13,600 Nisei who were over twenty years of age. 9 The effects of the evacuation, tore the Japanese community apart. As a result of the uprooting and incarcerations, Japanese schools nd newspapers were shut down, which had a huge effect on the Japanese Canadian Issei because many had a very small knowledge of the English language so they relied on the Japanese newspapers for information on the war. After the shutdown of Japanese newspapers and the confiscation of radios and other communication devices, the Imprisoned Issei had little means of knowing what was going on, and mainly relied on circulating rumors. The effect of the uprooting and evacuation caused the Japanese Canadian Issei to be torn between their mother country Japan and their adopted country Canada. During this time many Issei chose to turn toward Japan for comfort and reacted to the expulsion by following their Japanese principles of cooperating with the Canadian Government, and accepted their punishment and had faith in Japans victory. 0 This excerpt from the diary of Koichiro Miyazaki explains his feelings during expulsion, â€Å"We Japanese who are overseas, have been isolated in enemy countries and our families are scattered. But despite our hardships we believe that everything is for our native country’s future. This faith keeps me going. I believe that I am not the only one filled with confidence. † 1 1 The Nisei generation had little to no traditional ties to their parents mother land Japan, and thought themselves to be completely Canadian. Many Nisei such as Muriel Kitagawa tried to maintain a positive outlook when the expulsion of Japanese Canadians first went into effect and tried to rationalize the Canadian Governments actions and had faith that they would protect the loyal Japanese Canadian Nisei. 12 Like the Issei many Nisei encouraged Japanese Canadians to cooperate with the government, and have faith in the RCMP. However political and age differences within the Nisei society, caused some Nisei to react differently to the expulsion. Many younger Nisei tried to fght against the Canadian Government and refuse to obey. These Nisei experienced severe backlash from the Government and were immediately imprisoned or beaten. 13 As the war continued the expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast was no longer Just for the men but now for people of all people of Japanese origin, including women and children. At this point the Canadian Government has full control over Japanese Canadians property and can sell it without the owner’s consent, and many Japanese Canadian families have been separated from the uprooting. On August 4 1944 Prime Minister King states that it is desirable that Japanese Canadians are dispersed across Canada. Applications for reparation† to Japan are sought by the Canadian ernment. Those who do not apply must move east of the Rockies to prove their loyalty to Canada. The Issei faced the difficult decision to apply for reparation and be back in their familiar homeland where some still had family, however the Issei who had been separated from their family during the expulsion faced the fear of their family being left behind to suffer in camps. Some Issei who chose to apply got their application denied and were orced to move across the Rockies, this caused many Issei to lose all hope of ever returning to Japan. 14 The Nisei, even those who initially trusted the Canadian Government to take care of the loyal and innocent citizens, felt that they had been absolutely betrayed by the country that they loved. They were being forced to give up everything that they own and had worked so hard for Just to prove their loyalty to Canada. Some younger Nisei reacted to the move with an adventurous spirit, however many Nisei that had families of their own were faced with a very difficult decision with very uncertain outcomes. 5 Muriel Kitagawa voices her concerns in a letter to her brother: And the Nisei, repudiated by the only land they know, no redress anywhere. Sure we can move somewhere on our own, but a Job? Who will feed the family? Will they hire a Jap? Where can we go that will allow us to come? The only place to go is the Camp the Government will provide when it gets around to it. Ah, but we are bewildered and bitter and uncertain. 16 The expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast during World War II Shattered the strong communities that existed among both the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei. Hard-working people were fired from their Jobs by employers that they had worked many loyal years for solely because of their race. The property that they worked for and and rightfully owned, could be taken away from them with as little as 24-hour notice, and sold by the Canadian Government without the need of consent from the owner. Families were torn apart and sent to camps where they were forced to work and live in harsh and extreme conditions. Despite the fact that both Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei experienced these hardships as a result of he uprooting and expulsion during World War II, intergenerational differences such as traditional values, education, language and age, directly influenced the different and changing reactions that the Issei and Nisei had throughout their experience of expulsion from Canada’s west coast during World War II. How to cite The Intergenerational Differences, Papers

Managerial Accounting free essay sample

The ability to meet short-term obligations and to efficiently generate revenues is called: Liquidity and Efficiency 3. The ability to generate future revenues and meet long-term obligations is referred to as: Solvency 4. The ability to provide financial rewards sufficient to attract and retain financing is called: Profitability 5. The ability to generate positive market expectations is called: Market Prospects 6. Standards for comparisons in financial statement analysis include: Intra-company, Competitor, Industry, Guidelines 7. The comparison of a companys financial condition and performance across time is known as: Horizontal Analysis 8. A companys sales in 2004 were $ and in 2005 were $. Using 2004 as the base year, the sales trend percent for 2005 is: Analysis Period amount/Base Period Amount x100 9. One of several ratios that reflects solvency includes the: Debt-to-equity ratio 10. Current assets divided by current liabilities is the: Current Ration 11. Ch. 18Managerial accounting is different from financial accounting in that: (users and decision makers, purpose of info, flexibility of practice, timeliness of information, time decision, focus of information, nature of information) 12. Planning   involves establishing and specifying goals how to achieve them. involves gathering   to ensure Controlling feedback that the plan is being properly executed or modified as circumstances change. Decision making   involves selecting a course of action from competing alternatives. Forward-looking Perspective †¢ Budgeting systems turn managers’ perspectives forward. A forward-looking perspective enables   gaps managers to be in a better position to exploit. It also enables them to anticipate   and take steps risks to eliminate or reduce their severity. Forward Looking Perspective Practical example: Failure to anticipate problems Phil Harrison, President of Sony Computer Entertainment FORCED TO STEP DOWN Forward Looking Perspective Practical example: Ability to exploit opportunities HUGE PROFITS â€Å"Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is why it is called the present .

Video Games Do Enhance Learning Ability

Technology has entered human’s life quite recently, but has already occupied an important role in it. Technology enables people to improve living standards and give more opportunities for further development. Apart from this technology is also excessively used for entertainment purposes. Thus, children spend a lot of time playing video games instead of learning or even playing with peers in playgrounds. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Video Games Do Enhance Learning Ability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This evokes many disputes about the negative impact of video games on the development of children. However, nowadays researchers have come to the opposite conclusion and claim that video games can and do develop children’s learning skills and improve their academic performance. At this point it is necessary to stress that not only educational video games produce positive effects but all kind of games can be beneficial for development learning abilities in children (Bavelier et al., 2010, p.696). In fact, some scholars state that educational games are too formal and do not contain the number of effective factors as developed environment, visual effects, entertaining component, etc. Numerous surveys has proven that wise use of such technological tools as video games motivates children to study and develops their cognitive skills. It is necessary to point out that the use of technology can be fruitful for teenagers and pre-school children. Researchers state that video games develop various skills which are useful for children’s learning among which are attention, memory, motor control and cognition. Of course, it is essential to balance the use of technology in children’s life since video games abuse can lead to negative consequences, but it is necessary to note that any kind of abuse is harmful. Thus, balanced use of video games in children’s l ife does enhance their learning abilities. In the first place, it is necessary to point out that the use of video games during classes motivates children greatly. Thus, Ting Seng Eng (2005) claims that students are interested in such kind of activity and become concentrated while fulfilling their tasks, and this inevitably contributes to their academic performance improvement (645). It goes without saying that students are attracted by the entertaining part of video games. According to Gentile (2005) children find video games â€Å"highly motivating; by virtue of their interactive nature, children are actively engaged with them; they provide repeated practice; and they include rewards for skillful play† (10). Thus, students are encouraged to play a game and learn the necessary material at the same time. On top of that, children perceive and memorize information better which is proved by numerous researches. For instance, recent surveys reported that the introduction of educ ational video games into mathematic classes at high school resulted in â€Å"significant benefits on benchmark mathematics tests† (Bavelier et al., 2010, p.697). By all means, the use of video games is fruitful for children at early age. For example, pre-school children will play a video game learning some material rather than listen to it from their teacher. Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is necessary to stress that while conducting some tasks of a video game children have an opportunity not only learn some new material but use it in different virtual situations. Of course, video games cannot substitute all other classroom activities but they do motivate children to train their skills and obtain more knowledge to fulfill different tasks. Apart from mere motivating function the use of video games contributes to the development of children’s cognition activi ty. Thus, Bavelier et al. (2010) stress that video games enhance children’s ability to â€Å"learn to learn† (697). Li and Atkins (2004) also reported about the improved cognition skills in children who played video games as compared to those who did not play such games (1721). Interestingly, this fruitful effect is not produced by some particular educational games, but video games in general. In fact, any video game develops cognition skills since children have to accommodate to new factors and environments while playing. They gain new experiences and try to learn from their mistakes. Of course, these experiences are virtual, however, the skills of accommodation and learning is likely to be transferred to the real life situations. Thus, children learn how to take into account their previous experience and respond rapidly to new conditions. By all, means these skills are extremely useful not only for education but other spheres of life as well. Besides, the use of te chnology in adult life is inevitable, so children who are, so to speak, acquainted with technology will be more prepared for tasks they will face in future. Many researchers used to warn people that video games can cause the lack of attention during classes and decrease ability to concentrate on more important tasks. However, now many surveys prove that the use of video games contributes to the development of attention in children. Playing games makes children be more attentive since to fulfill the task they should mind every detail. By all means, children want to win and this makes them be very attentive. These skills (attention and concentration) are of great importance for study. Students become more attentive and more precise while completing their academic tasks. Of course, this does not mean that children remember that details count in video games and understand that they should be precise while fulfilling other tasks. However, playing games children train their ability to c oncentrate, so they subconsciously become attentive and concentrated on particular academic assignments. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Video Games Do Enhance Learning Ability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Bavelier et al. (2010) reports children who play video games â€Å"show significantly increased attentional skills as compared with those who do not† and, furthermore, â€Å"some measures of attention, such as the temporal dynamics of attention† in children at age from seven to ten years old â€Å"function at adult levels, indicating significant deviations from age-related norms†(697). It is necessary to add that Bavellier et al. studied the impact of action games, so these data also prove that playing video games contributes to the development of useful skills (attentional) which improve academic performance. Reportedly, video games have positive impact on the developmen t of memory in children (Ting Seng Eng, 2005). It is quite obvious that children should memorize some information while playing video games. They keep in mind passwords, possible action patterns, and many other data. Thus, it is a good training of memory. Bavelier et al. (2010) claim that children â€Å"also exhibit better visual short-term memory† (696). Besides, the necessity to memorize some information while playing video games makes children work out successful patterns of information storage. Every child tries to remember this or that piece of information and again subconsciously find the necessary way to memorize the necessary amount of data for the necessary period of time. Of course, such skills are extremely important during their study. It is also important to point out that video games contribute to the development of motor control skills. For instance, Gentile (2005) provides an example when â€Å"playing a golf video game improved college students’ act ual control of force when putting, even though the video game gave no bodily feedback on actual putting movement or force† (10). Of course, at early age the improvement are also observed. Interestingly, Bavelier et al. (2010) report that In 2009, the Royal Air Force stopped requiring that only trained pilots control unmanned drone flight missions and opened its door to less experienced young gamers, after studies indicated that the best drone pilots were often young video game players. (697)Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, improved motor control in game players is easily explained by their precise movements during a video game. It is necessary to add that apart from driving video games, any other video game can contribute to the development of motor control skills. Of course, some researchers argue that video games cause such negative effects as â€Å"obesity, video-induced seizures, and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders, such as tendonitis, nerve compression, and carpal tunnel syndrome† (Gentile, 2005, p.10). However, all these negative effects are possible only in case of video games abuse. Admittedly, any activity (even the most useful and healthy like sport activities and learning) can lead to the development of various disorders when it is abused. Nevertheless, the threat of video games abuse can be easily diminished by parents and teachers. It goes without saying that parents should restrict the time for playing games. Teachers should also be very attentive while using such technology during classes. They should remember that video games should be supplementary and cannot substitute other activities. Apart from video games abuse Gentile (2005) articulates one more concern about video games, i.e. the development of aggressive behavior since many video games contain a lot of violence (10). This can and should be also controlled by parents. They should be aware of the content of video games their children play. Moreover, parents should play active and decisive role in the choice of such games. In this case, video games will be beneficial for children since they will develop their memory, attention, motor control and cognition skills without producing any negative effect on them. In conclusion, it is possible to point out that many researchers study the impact of video games on children’s academic performance. Some scientists provide evidence of negative effect of video games but at closer look it become clear that these effects are produced not by technology use itself but by the abuse of technology. On the contrary, nowadays numerous researchers prove that playing video games (educational as well as other types of video games) in most cases positively influence children’s academic performance. Thus, video games help children to train their memory, attention, concentration, motor control and cognition. Apart from this video games contribute to the development of students’ motivation. Such findings are very valuable for educators since they can use this knowledge and start using technology during classes more effectively. Moreover, educational video games producers can also take into account the latest researches in the field and make their products more effective. Thus, the evidence of video games positive impact on learning skills in children gives people more opportunities to develop new teaching techniques and find more ways for motivating children to gain knowledge. Reference List Bavelier, D., Gre en, C.S., Dye, M.W.G. (2010). Children, Wired: For Better and for Worse. Neuron 2010, 67(5), 692-701. Gentile, D. A. (2005). The Effects of Video Games on Children: What Parents Need to Know. Pediatrics for Parents, 21(6), 10-11. Li, X., Atkins, M.S. (2004). Early Childhood Computer Experience and Cognitive and Motor Development. Pediatrics, 113, 1715-1722. Ting Seng Eng. (2005). The Impact of ICT on Learning: A Review of Research. International Education Journal, 6(5), 635-650. This research paper on Video Games Do Enhance Learning Ability was written and submitted by user Ernesto Zimmerman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Latin vs English Differences in Word Order

Latin vs English Differences in Word Order A typical English sentence puts the subject first, followed by the predicate, but its not true that every English sentence starts with a subject, places the verb between the subject and the object, and has the object, if there is one, at the end. Below, you can read  two sentences where the verb comes first. Still, the examples conform to English grammar, which doesnt allow random placement of subject, verb, and object. In English, Use SVO Speakers of English are used to putting the subject of the sentence at the beginning of the sentence, the verb in the middle, and the direct and indirect object at the end (SVO Subject Verb Object), as in Man bites dog, which means something entirely different from Dog bites man. In Latin, Use SOV or OVS or... When learning Latin, one of the obstacles to overcome is the word order, since it is rarely SVO. In Latin, it is often Subject Object Verb (SOV) or Object Verb Subject (OVS) or Object Verb (OV), with the verb at the end and the subject included in it.* At any rate, it wouldnt matter whether the dog or mailman came first, because who did the biting would always be clear. canem________ vir_____________ mordetdog-acc_sg.(object) man-nom._sg.(subject) bites-3d_sg.man bites dog vir_____________ canem________ mordetman-nom._sg.(subject) dog-acc_sg.(object) bites-3d_sg.man bites dogbut:canis___________ virum___________ mordetdog-nom_sg.(subject) man-acc._sg.(object) bites-3d_sg.dog bites man Exceptions to the English SVO Rule Although English has a fixed word order, it is not entirely foreign to us to find the words in an order other than SVO. When we utter a sentence in the imperative, like an order, we put the verb first: Beware of dog! Incidentally, the Latin imperative can have the same order: Cave canem!Beware dog! This word order is VO (Verb-Object) with no stated subject. An English question has the verb first, too (even if it is an auxiliary), and the object last, as in Will the dog bite the man? The point of these examples is that we are able to understand sentences that are not SVO. Inflection Accomplishes the Same Thing As Word Order The reason Latin is a more flexible language in terms of word order is that what English speakers encode by position in the sentence, Latin handles with case endings at the ends of nouns, adjectives, and verbs. English word order tells us that what is the subject is the (set of) word(s) that comes first in a declarative sentence, what is the object is the set of words at the sentence end, and what is the verb separates subject from object. We rarely confuse a verb with a noun, except in ambiguous cases like Bart Simpsons: What has 4 legs and ticks? There is ambiguity in Latin, as well, but most of the time, an ending will show, just as efficiently, what is the subject, what is the object, and what is the verb. omnia______________ vincit______________ amoreverything-acc._pl._neut. conquers-3d_pers._sg. love-nom._sg._masc.Love conquers all. (attributed to Vergil.) An important point: A Latin verb can tell you the subject of the clause/sentence or it can tell you much of what you need to know about the subject of the sentence. The verb vincit can mean he conquers, she conquers or it conquers. If the noun amor werent in the sentence omnia vincit amor, if all that were there were vincit omnia or omnia vincit, you would translate the sentence as he conquers everything or she conquers everything.

4 Strategies to Raise Your GPA in High School Fast

4 Strategies to Raise Your GPA in High School Fast SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It can be difficult to improve your GPA quickly, especially if you’re in the latter half of high school already. With your previous grades working against you, you’ll have to put in even more effort to overcome lower averages. However, there are some measures you can take to have a better chance of raising your GPA quickly and effectively. In this article, I’ll give you different strategies that may help you raise your GPA even if you don’t have much time left in high school. How Hard Will It Be to Raise Your GPA? If you’re feeling a sense of urgency about raising your GPA before college admissions, it’s important to understand how difficult it will be to make changes based on how far along in high school you are. If You're a Freshman: You've most likely only completed one semester of high school so far, so there's plenty of time (five semesters!) left for you to raise your GPA. The majority of your classes are still ahead of you. If you make wise changes to your study habits now, you shouldn't have a problem improving them. It's important to take action as soon as possible if your GPA is especially low so that you don't get stuck trying to climb out of a much deeper hole your sophomore or junior year. If You’re a Sophomore: At this point, you’ve completed two or three semesters of high school and have three or four more to go before you apply to college.This means that at least half of the grades that will make up your final GPA for college are still ahead of you, so you have a pretty strong chance of making improvements.If your GPA is currently, say, a 2.7, by putting in more effort over the course of the next year or so you can most likely raise it above a 3.0. If You’re a Junior: You’ve completed four or five semesters of high school now and have one or two semesters left to go before you send out college applications.Even if you’re still in the beginning of junior year, your grades this year will only comprise a third of your cumulative GPA.You will have to improve drastically in order to make a positive impact on your GPA before you apply to college.You may still be able to make small changes, but a major increase in your GPA is likely to be out of reach. You might decide to focus on standardized test scores over GPA at this point if you’re nearing the end of your junior year. If You’re a Senior: You will already be starting the college application process at this point, so you can’t improve your GPA before you send in materials to schools.The only thing you can do is try to improve your standardized test scores.Raising your scores is your best bet for getting accepted into a selective college despite a GPA that’s on the lower side.You should be able to take the SAT as late as January and the ACT as late as February if you're looking to submit your scores along with regular decision applications. High School Musical 3: It's Senior Year and We Were So Busy Believing in Ourselves That We Forgot to Take Standardized Tests Strategies on How to Raise GPA, Fast Here are some measures you might take to quickly raise your GPA before you apply to college.Keep in mind that if you’re a junior or senior, it may be too late to implement these strategies and make a strong impact on your GPA.If that’s the situation you’re in, you should focus on the final strategy listed here, improving your standardized test scores, to get the most out of your efforts before college applications are due. Strategy 1: Take Less Difficult Classes This isn’t something I would normally advocate, but if your GPA is really suffering because of a low grade in a high-level class, it may be time to cut your losses.It can help both your GPA and mental health.You may be able to get a significantly better grade in a lower-level class very quickly, thus raising your GPA much faster than if you continued to struggle in a difficult course. For example, if you’re getting a C in Honors Calculus, it will require a lot of effort to improve that grade, and the change in your GPA will be minor or nonexistent.If you decided to drop down to a lower-level math class, you might be familiar with some of the concepts since you already experienced a more fast-paced class,andyou could get a much higher grade fairly easily.If your school uses weighted GPAs, a C in a high-level class might translate to a 3.0.If you drop down to a low-level class and start getting As, those grades will translate to a 4.0. That’s a big difference in a short period of time! Strategy 2: Take More Classes This is a way to raise your GPA quickly that some people don’t really think about because it seems somewhat counterintuitive.Why would you take more classes if you’re struggling? The thing is, it’s not just core classes that make up your GPA.Electives also play into GPA. If you have a free period right now, you might consider taking an elective that you find interesting to fill up the space and raise your GPA. Many of these classes won’t present a big challenge, and they can be a fun break from your regular classes where you won't have to put in as much effort to get good grades.This is a strategy to be used with caution. I’m not trying to say â€Å"just go for the easy A and you’ll be fine.†Keep in mind that this may be a viable strategy to raise your GPA fast, but it’s not necessarily a good way to ensure that you’ll get accepted to a great college. Colleges will be able to see your grades in specific classes and exactly how you ended up with your current GPA. Taking an easy elective will raise your GPA quickly, but it's kind of like putting a band-aid on a stab wound. It absolutelydoesn’t mean you should stop trying to raise your grades in core classes.To make really meaningful changes in your chances at college admission, you will need to address deeper issues with grades in the main subject areas. Taking an easy class and seeing a quick positive change in your GPA may put you in a better mindset to tackle more daunting problems that you face in your core classes. You can create a positive mental feedback loop that will help you to keep up the motivation to work hard in your classes even if an A in â€Å"Foods 1† or something isn’t going to persuade selective colleges to admit you. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. This is a pluot, a weird fruit that's a cross between a plum and an apricot. They probably won't even tell you about it in Foods 1. This is very advanced material, probably at least Foods 4 (you can thank me later). Strategy 3: Work on Doing Better in Weighted GPA Classes If your school uses weighted GPA and you’re in some AP or Honors classes where less than perfect grades will translate into impressive GPAs, you should focus your efforts on raising your grades in those classes. On weighted GPA scales, GPAs often go up to a 5.0 rather than a 4.0 to account for more difficult classes.This means that a B in an Honors class translates to a 4.0, and an A translates into a 5.0. The potential for your grades to lead to a very high GPA is greater in these classes, so they have a better chance at raising your overall GPA.It makes sense to devote a significant chunk of your energy to these classes because they naturally require more time and effort if you hope to get good grades. If you’re choosing to avoid the work in favor of easier assignments, that might be a big part of your problem. It’s also more impressive to colleges if you can manage to improve your grades in high-level classes.Raising your grades in a lower level class the same amount might give you the same GPA, but it won’t necessarily look as good to admissions officers.You should channel the majority of your energy into the most challenging courses. Strategy 4: Focus on Standardized Test Scores Technically, this isn’t a strategy for raising your GPA.However, if it’s too late to raise your GPA before you apply to college, improving standardized test scores is your best bet for stronger admissions chances.For students headed into their senior year with a less than stellar GPA, improving standardized test scores can make a huge impact on how they fare in the college application process. With, say, a 400 point improvement in your SAT scores, you will have a chance at getting into literally hundreds more colleges. This isn't an easy feat, but it's certainly achievable with a few months of concentrated studying. To use an example, let's say you're interested in attending University of Texas at Austin and have a 2.9 GPA and an 1800 SAT score. If you managed to raise your score from an 1800 to a 2200, you would have a 20% chance of admission with the higher score as opposed to a 5% chance with the lower score. And that's with no change at all in your GPA! Sometimes the most practical thing to do is to focus on scores rather than grades, especially if you’re already in your second semester of junior year.You can retake the SAT and ACT up until the winter of your senior year if you’re applying to college regular decision. Who doesn't want to spend another Saturday morning in a hot room full of stressed people? Conclusion The fact is that GPAs don’t lend themselves to quick solutions.If you’re a junior or senior, you may not be able to do much to improve your GPA before you start the admissions process.If this is the case, try to focus on improving your standardized test scores to maximize your chances at getting into selective colleges. Other measures you might take to improve your GPA if you’re still a sophomore or early in your junior year include dropping down a level in your classes, taking additional courses where you might be able to get better grades, and focusing your attention on your most difficult classes.Raising your grades is very hard work, but if you can get yourself into better habits and use some of the quick fixes here, you may be able to see some improvement before you apply to college. What's Next? Now that we've figured out the answer to "how do I raise my GPA fast," you may be interested in learning how your GPA will be perceived in the admissions process. Read this article to find out whether colleges use weighted or unweighted GPA in making their decisions. Worried about getting into college with a low GPA? Here's a list of colleges with low GPA requirements to give you some potential options. Are you just not sure if your GPA is considered good enough for your goals? Learn more about what might constitute a good or bad GPA for your circumstances. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

International Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business - Case Study Example These suggestions and recommendations are further used to chalk out the effective strategies for the accomplishment of organizational goals. Any effective formulation stage always facilitates the ideas and recommendations which are flexible and can be customized as per the emerging challenges and scenarios (Thomas 28). Besides all viable recommendations proposed at this stage need to be pragmatic, realistic and readily implementable. 3. Implementation- In a way this happens to be the most crucial stage of strategy formulation as the eventual litmus test on any effective diagnosis and formulation is that it eventually gets implemented in a methodical and planned manner (Proctor 164). Response- Exchange rates need to be stable and predictable, as reliable and predictable exchange rates have many advantages (Schaefer 46). Stable exchange rates instill confidence in both the importers and exporters regarding the certainty with regards to the foreign payments. Besides unstable exchange rates can wreck havoc on the economies that are predominantly dependent on trade. Unstable exchange can jeopardize the economic growth in such nations. Moreover, stable and predictable exchange rates encourage the international investors to engage in long term investments. In contrast, unstable exchange rates give way to speculative trading in the international capital markets and are more prone to stimulating capital flights from one nation to other. It is a fact that many developing nations do rely on imports to sustain their technology and capital associated requirements. Stable exchange rates enable the developing nations to go on with their development initiatives in a planned an d predictable manner. Stable exchange rates also boost multilateral trade and close trade cooperation between the regional partners. Stable exchange rates are also of pivotal relevance

Government Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Government Debt - Essay Example External government debt refers to the aggregate funds collected from outside the country from foreign investors and governments. According to Gartner (2006, p. 68) the government will always sell its securities in the open market when it wants to raise funds from the investors. Key traded government securities in the open market include but not limited to treasury bills, notes and bonds (Snowdon & Vane (1997, p.103). Sovereign debt refers to government debt owed to investors mostly foreign in foreign currencies. Shone (1989, p. 119) states that Sovereign debts are normally used by the government when they are in need of large amount of money to carry out an expensive public project. Sovereign debt is considered risky owing to the fact that it is affected by fluctuation in currency and any default by the issuing company may translate to low credit rating and no further debt advancement as foreign investors will be scared away. Government bonds, which is the common form of raising rev enue from local investors in local currency is highly preferred by most government because it is not affected by the credit rating of the country (Miles & Scott 2005, p.19). It is unfortunate that the United Kingdom government debt has been growing at an alarming rate over the recent past. The global recession that began in 2008 has left several developed nation into huge debts. Carlin and Soskice (2006;101), asserts that the UK higher budget deficit can be attributed to the large government spending and low government revenue owing to loss of jobs and reduced spending. The UK society has been enjoying the deficit sending without a glimpse at its consequences. The United Kingdom debt which includes the aggregate amount of money owned by the central government in form of government bonds, sovereign bonds, Social Security trust fund, and accrued capital expenditure. Fiscal consolidation refers to the policies taken by the government to manage its debt and reduce its budget deficit. Fi scal consolidation policies vary from country to country depending on the financial objective of the government. Most countries are always caught up in dilemma when it comes to fiscal consolidation especially during recession. Most economies have been unstable since the beginning of recession as unemployment rate increases from time to time, key companies facing financial constraints and individuals losing mortgages and thus it becomes difficult for the government to decide whether to come up with economic stimulus or fiscal consolidation policies. For instance the UK government has been facing bulging public debt and budget deficit while the same time unemployment rate is escalating unprecedentedly. Tobin theory is a theory of investment behavior also renowned as Tonin’s Q Theory and denoted by letter â€Å"q†. This theory is used to determine the ratio of the companies issued shares (share capital) to the replacement cost associated with the assets of the company. Th ree significant situations are evident when relating the market value and the replacement cost and they include â€Å"q† being greater (q>1), lower (q

English Departmnet Essay Example for Free

English Departmnet Essay APA REFERENCING WORKSHEET STUDENT HANDOUT (1) ? APA REREFRENCE LIST FOR BOOKS, ARTICLES FROM THE INTERENET, MAGAZINE AND THE NEWSPAPER. ? BOOKS: A. A book with one author: Last name of the author, First letter of the author s name. (Year of publication). The title of the book (Should be Italicized). The place of publication. Example: Author: Martine Stephen Title of the book: English Literature: A student guide Year of publication: 2000 Place of publication: Pearson Education, London Stephen, M. (2000). English Literature: A student guide. Pearson Education, London. M ( E L A s g P E L B. A book with two authors: Last name of the first author, First letter of the first name of the author. , Last name of the second author, First letter of the first name of the author. (Year of publication). The title of the book (Should be Italicized). The place of publication. Example: Title of the book: Reason to write, strategies for success in academic writing Name of the authors: Robert F. Cohen and Judy L. Miller. 1 | P a g e ENGL1111/1222 MRS. UMAMA AL KALBANI ENGLISH DEPARTMNET IBRI COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCEs Year of publication: 2003 Place of publication: Oxford University Press, New York Cohen, R. , Miller, J. (2003). Reason to write, strategies for success in academic writing. R M J ( R t w s f s i a w Oxford University Press, New York. U P N Y C. A book with three authors. The last name of the first author, The first letter of the first name of first the author. , The last name of the second author, The first letter of the first name of second the author. , the last name of the third author, the first letter of the first name of the third author. (Year of publication). The title of the book (Should be Italicized). The place of publication. Example: Title of the book: Writing A college Workbook Name of authors: James A. W. Heffernan, John E. Lincoln and Cindy Moore. Year of publication: 2001 Place of Publication: USA ? Write the reference of the previous book using the provided information?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ? ARTICLES FROM THE INTERENET: It is recommended that when you search for articles from the internet to select that articles that have authors and the year of that submission date of that article. Some students only write the website name of the source that t hey get from the internet in which it is not enough. You need to cite the article from the internet in the correct APA format. So in your search for articles from the internet you have to select articles that have authors and date of submission. The next possibility is to go for articles that are written by well-Â ­? known organizations such as educational, scientific, governmental or 2 | P a g e ENGL1111/1222 MRS. UMAMA AL KALBANI ENGLISH DEPARTMNET IBRI COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCEs ministerial organization. The last choice is to go for articles that are writing by anonymous (No name of authors) or that may have no submission date. A. Article from the internet with one author: The last name of the author, The first letter of the first name of the author. (Submission date). Name of the article (Italicized). Retrieved month date, year, from the website. Example: The article name: The importance of the internet for teens. The author of the article: David Thelan Submission date: 2002 Website name: htt://4teachers. org/kidspeak/theland/index. shtml Retrieved Date: 3ed October 2011 Thelan, D. (2002). The importance of the internet for teens. Retrieved October 3ed, D ( T i o t i f t R O 3 2011, from htt://4teachers. org/kidspeak/theland/index. shtml. f h B. Article with two authors: The last name of the first author, The first letter of the first name of first the author. , The last name of the second author, The first letter of the first name of second the author. (Submission date). Name of the article (Italicized). Retrieved month date, year, from the website. C. Article with three authors: The last name of the first author, The first letter of the first name of first the author. , The last name of the second author, The first letter of the first name of second the author. , the last name of the third author, the first letter of the first name of the third author. (Submission date). Name of the article (Italicized). Retrieved month date, year, from the website. 3 | P a g e ENGL1111/1222 MRS. UMAMA AL KALBANI ENGLISH DEPARTMNET IBRI COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCEs D. Article with no author and no sponsored organization: Anonymous (No author). (Submission date). Name of the article (Italicized). Retrieved month date, year, from the website. ? Write the APA reference for the following articles from the internet: Article One: Article name: Integration of students in the teaching process. Name of authors: Jorgen Erik Christensen and Kirsten Ribu Date of submission: July 23, 2006 Website name: http:// www.icee. usm. edu/icee/conference/icee2006/papers/3387. pdf Retrieved Date: 9th October 2010 Article two: Article name: Transcript of Andrew Rawsnley s interview with the Prime Minister (BBC Radio 4 s The Westminster Hour) The name of author: No author but this article is sponsored by BBC News UK Edition. Date of submission: 6th February 2005 Website name: http://news. bbc. co. uk/go/pr/fr/i/hi/programmes/the_westminster_hour/4241787. stm Retrieved Date: 25th May 2005 P a g e ENGL1111/1222 MRS. UMAMA AL KALBANI ENGLISH DEPARTMNET IBRI COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCEs.

Why is it hard to build a good relationship? :: Ethical Issues, Lying, Cheating

The word relationship is defined as the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are connected, or the state of being connected. In daily life, we always have a relationship with other people. Biologically, our relationship with parents is made up when we were born. Also we are making a new relationship with a friend, boss, and girlfriend, but there some factors that it makes hard to keeping a relationship such as lying, cheating, and misunderstanding. Most of our relationships are built on trust other people. However, different perspectives can lead us to the hierarchical relationship. On the other hand, in different circumstances, people can be changed, so it gives a chance to get closer each other. Our daily life relationships are built on trusting other people. Generally, many people think that trustable relationships don’t have secrets, and don’t lie to each other. In addition to that we may feel more comfortable to have a trustable relationship, because they are always willing to help each other by telling the truth. When I was in high school, I remember one of my best friend who is extremely nice and positive person that I know. I had an unstable relationship with my girlfriend. He always stands by me, and tried to help me out every single time. I could tell him everything about my relationship, because I know I can trust him, and he gave me some superb advices to recover my relationship. In Kite Runner, we can find the relationship between Baba and his son Amir. Baba always protects Amir, and Amir feels very pleasant to have Baba as his father, because they trust each other. Amir says, â€Å"wanted Baba all to himself† (13), and thinks that â€Å"how lucky he was to have Baba as his father† (39). Baba also had a trust on Amir, since he won the kite tournament that â€Å"agreed to everything Amir asked† (81). After Amir won the kite tournament, Baba opened his heart a little bit, because now trusts Amir about that he can stand up himself a little bit. However, Baba said, â€Å"There is only one sin, And that is theft†¦ When you tell a lie, you steal someone’s right to the truth†(225). But it turns out he lied to his son Amir that he have another brother, who name is Hassan, Amir going to â€Å"reconcile†(226) the image of Baba that he haven been thinking of.

Intro to Aeronautical Science

Over the years I have been impressed at the armed services and their success In the very risky business of aviation. It Is truly amazing to imagine a high school graduate trusted with the lives of others after a very short block of instructions and what seem to be streamlined training. Recently, a very Junior mechanic was working with a few of his peers on the rotor system of a helicopter in our fleet. Sometime during the wee hours of the morning, almost to the end of a graveyard 12 hour shift, the JuniorSoldier saw something bounce off the engine inlet and straight in. The Soldiers up above acknowledge dropping some hardware from a bag and come down from the aircraft to see if they could retrieve it. The area was an unimproved hardstand but with the harsh environment we face while deployed, it Is very difficult to account for everything that hits the floor. After hours of looking, Inspecting and even an engine bore scope, no hardware could be seen in the inlet or internals of the en gine.Many doubted the junior soldiers' recollection after his long hard night. The technical Inspector, Maintenance test pilot and Production control Officer all weight in after all the precautionary Inspections were done but the Junior soldier stood his ground and was the most important safety officer that day. The engine was removed and set to the shop for teardrop and inspection. Prior to tear down, the engine was hung upright with the inlet pointed to the ground.The output shaft was spun In the hopes that the said hardware fall to the ground. No hardware was found. The teardrop begun and to the amazement of all involved, a 5/1 6 nut was discovered concealed beyond the inlet guide veins. The pressure was finally released from the shoulders of all involved and the hero of the day was the fresh out of high school soldier who understood the Implications of a simple 5/16 nut going through the compressor blades of a Jet engine.

Benefits of Oil of Oregano Essay

Benefits of Oil of Oregano Introduction                   Oregano oil is a natural substance extracted from wild oregano plant, which is very useful for human health as they help in killing harmful microorganisms responsible for causing illness in human body. The oregano oil is linked to its properties since it can be used as an antifungal anti-inflammatory. The oil is through steam distillation of the leaves. The herb is used to treat respiratory disorders, menstrual crumbs and some urinary disorders. The oil is also for some skin conditions like acnes. The aromatic flavors found in oregano oil are very essential for cooling. It can be used in meat since it helps reduce the toxic components present in the meat, which are created during the cooking process.                   The oil can be used for fighting off infections in homes since it fights off multi drug resistance bacteria. It can also be beneficial to animals to prevent occasional diarrhea supplemented with probiotics. Although the oils can be beneficial for dietary supplement, it is not advisable to use on children in large quantities on children under the age of six years. The oil is useful for regulating menstruation and delaying menopauses. Women can use this oil for improving their mood balance and oncoming menopause. These oils are very important for our daily health benefits and should be used regularly (Bowden, J. 2007  the 150 healthiest foods on earth).                   Another major benefits of Oil of Oregano is the fact that an individual can directly apply it on the skin. However, there is need to dilute it first. Another healthy benefit of oil of oregano is that it plays significant role during digestion (Bowden, 2007). This is because it persuades the flow of bile in the entire digestive organs. With this perspective, one can argue that it helps in improving the digestion procedure. Oil of Oregano can also be used when one has a sore throat. An individual is advised to take 3 drops of oil of oregano each. For a couple of five days, the symptoms fade away. Thus, oil of oregano plays critical role in our body. Why coconut water should be included in your daily diet                   Coconut water has proven to be good for our health. However, it is crucial to understand some of the drinks that one should substitute with coconut water. For instance, one should not substitute clean or filtered water with coconut water. This entails that they should never refrain from taking clean water. Some of the drinks such as tea, coffee and colas can be substituted with coconut water. In addition, one should also drink coconut water immediately it has been cut. This is because when one takes it immediately it is cut; he or she will be in a position to get nutritional benefits as it fresh and rich in nutrients. Furthermore, pure coconut water is claimed to be fresh and has no additives. In relation to this, it is said to have no cholesterol and thus, it can play significant role in our body.                   Many studies argue that drinking coconut water makes our body health. This entails that it is crucial to include coconut water in every meal. There are many benefits associated with coconut water. For example, some studies argue that coconut water helps to prevent dehydration in our body. This means that every individual should include coconut water in his or her diet. Another major benefit that coconut water plays in our body is that it helps to reduce fatigue or tiredness that people feel lazy. For instance, it replenish the lost of natural salt that people looses during sweating. Thus, it helps to replace the water lost through sweating (Wilson & Wilson, 2002). With this regard, one can argue that it helps to make an individual look more energetic.                   Other studies argue that coconut water also plays some critical role in our body. For example, they help in building up the entire immunity. This is a case where it improves the functions of kidney. It also helps in preventing some of the urinary tract infections that has become prone to people (Wilson & Wilson, 2002). For a couple of years, coconut water has been used as one way of lowering high rate of blood pressure. Thus, it is quit advisable to include coconut water in our daily diet.                   Researchers have found several benefits of coconut water on pregnant women. For instance, it helps in reducing some of the morning complications that they suffer. They also help to reduce some of the common symptoms in pregnant women such as constipation that many of them suffer from. They also reduce the level of acidity in pregnant mother. Due to these benefits one gets from drinking coconut water, it is clear to argue that they should include them in their daily diet. References Wilson, R., & Wilson, R. (2002). Aromatherapy: Essential oils for vibrant health and beauty. New York: Avery. Bowden, J. (2007). The 150 healthiest foods on earth: The surprising, unbiased truth about what you should eat and why. Gloucester, Mass: Fair Winds Press. Source document

Euclid essays

Euclid essays Euclid Euclid of Alexandria is thought to have lived from about 325 BC until 265 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. There is very little known about his life. It was thought he was born in Megara, which was proven to be incorrect. There is in fact a Euclid of Megara, but he was a philosopher who lived 100 years before Euclid of Alexandria. Also people say that Euclid of Alexandria is the son of Naucrates, but there is no proof of this assumption. Euclid was a very common name at that time, so it was hard to distinguish one Euclid from another. That is the big reason why there is little known about Euclid of Alexandria. Euclid of Alexandria, whose chief work, Elements, is a comprehensive treatise on mathematics in thirteen volumes on such subjects as plane geometry, proportion in general, the properties of numbers, incommensurable magnitudes, and solid geometry. He was probably educated at Athens by pupils of Plato. He taught geometry in Alexandria and founded a school of mathematics there. The Data, a collection of geometrical theorems; the Phenomena, a description of the heavens; the Optics: the Division of the Scale, a mathematical discussion of music; and several other books have been attributed to him. Historians disagree as to the originality of some of his other contributions. Probably, the geometrical sections of the Elements were primarily a rearrangement of the works of previous mathematicians such as those of Eudoxus, but Euclid himself is thought to have made several original discoveries in the theory of numbers. Euclid laid down some of the conventions central to modern mathematical proofs. His book The Elements, written about 300 BC, contains many proofs in the field of geometry and algebra. This book illustrates the Greek practice of writing mathematical proofs by first clearly identifyin ...

Immigrants and Public Benefits

Immigrants and Public Benefits A public charge is someone who is dependent on the government for long-term care, cash assistance or income maintenance. As an immigrant, you want to avoid becoming a public charge because it is grounds for inadmissibility and deportation. An immigrant who is likely to become a public charge is inadmissible  and ineligible to become a permanent resident of the United States. An immigrant may be deported if he or she becomes a public charge within 5 years of entering the U.S. It is extremely rare for an immigrant to be deported as a public charge. To keep new immigrants from becoming public charges, the U.S. requires that sponsoring relatives or employers sign a contract (the Affidavit of Support) stating that the sponsored immigrant is not likely to become a public charge. The sponsor also acknowledges that an agency that provides any means-tested benefit to the immigrant may require the immigrants sponsor to reimburse the agency for the amount of the provided benefit. How Someone Becomes a Public Charge If an immigrant receives cash assistance for income maintenance from Social Security Income (SSI), the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program or any state or local cash assistance programs for income maintenancecommonly referred to as means-tested benefitsthese could make a non-citizen a public charge. However, in addition to this, you must also meet additional criteria before a public charge can be determined. USCIS says before an alien can be denied admission to the United States or denied adjustment of status to legal permanent resident based on public charge grounds, a number of factors must be considered...including the alien’s age, health, family status, assets, resources, financial status, education, and skills. No single factorother than the lack of an Affidavit of Support, if requiredwill determine whether an alien is a public charge, including past or current receipt of public cash benefits for income maintenance. An immigrant can be deported if he or she becomes a public charge within 5 years of entering the U.S. and has refused an agencys request for reimbursement of a cash benefit for income maintenance or costs of institutionalization for long-term care. However, removal proceedings will not be initiated if the immigrant can show that the benefit received was for an issue that did not exist prior to entry into the U.S. Public charge determination is made on a case-by-case basis and is not an automatic ticket out of the U.S. How to Avoid Becoming a Public Charge The key here is to be careful with cash assistance and any long-term care. Some assistance programs may provide cash benefits, and this is okay as long as the purpose of the cash assistance is not for income maintenance. For example, if you are given cash as a food stamp benefit instead of the normal paper coupons or e-cards, this would not be considered for public charge purposes because the benefit is not intended for income maintenance. In contrast, Medicaid is not subject to public charge consideration, but if it is used for long-term care such as a nursing home or mental health institution, then it would be used as part of the public charge analysis. Safe Public Benefits and Ones to Avoid To avoid becoming a public charge, immigrants should avoid benefits that provide cash assistance for income maintenance or institutionalization for long-term care. The type of benefit you may use without becoming a public charge is dependent on your immigration status. Each program will have its own eligibility qualifications that must be met in order to participate in the program or receive benefits. Eligibility may also differ from state to state. It is important to check your eligibility with each agency. Public Benefits for New Immigrants Applying forPermanent Residence USCIS states that the following benefits may be used without a public charge penalty by  legal immigrants  who have not yet received their  green card: Health Care Benefits  such as emergency Medicaid, the  Children’s Health Insurance Program  (CHIP), prenatal care, or other free or low-cost medical care at clinics, health centers, or other settings (other than long-term care in a nursing home or similar institution)Food Programs  such as WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children), school meals, or other food assistanceNon-Cash Programs  such as public housing, child care, energy assistance, disaster relief, Head Start, or job training or counseling New immigrants should stay away from the following benefits to avoid a public charge determination. USCIS will consider your participation in the following when deciding whether or not to issue a green card: Cash Welfare  such as  Supplemental Security Income  (SSI), cash Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and state and local cash assistance programs for income maintenance (often called state General Assistance)Institutionalization  for long-term care, such as residing in a nursing home or mental health facility at government expense Public Benefits for Green Card Holders Legal permanent residentsgreen card holderswill not lose their status through public charge by using the following provided by USCIS: Health Care Benefits  such as emergency Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), prenatal care, or other free or low-cost medical care at clinics, health centers, or other settings (other than long-term care in a nursing home or similar institution)Food Programs  such as Food Stamps, WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children), school meals, or other food assistanceNon-Cash Programs  such as public housing, child care, energy assistance, disaster relief, Head Start, or job training or counseling*Cash Welfare  such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and state and local cash assistance programs for income maintenance (often called state General Assistance)*Institutionalization  for long-term care, such as residing in a nursing home or mental health facility at government expense Take note:  A green card holder who leaves the U.S. for more than 6 months at one time may be asked questions upon re-entry to determine if they are a public charge. At this point, use of cash welfare or long-term care will be carefully considered in deciding admissibility.

Recording Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recording Interest - Essay Example Also, when the $60,000 loan was made, it had to be a personal loan because there was still no business to record the amount. But when the business begun, the $60,000 was recognized as a start-up capital and therefore, it should be recorded as part of the start-up capital. The proper accounting of the $60,000 loan is to record it as part of Current Assets (cash) in the asset portion and liability (loans) in the balance sheet of Ontime Delivery Service. It follows then that interest payment should be recognized by the business along with the repayment when the $60,000 is recorded as loan. The way the interest payment should be recognized in the book is through interest expense â€Å"and and the remainder of the payment reduces the principal amount of the liability. As the amount owed is reduced by each payment, the portion of each successive payment representing interest expense will  decrease,  and the portion going toward repayment of principal will  increase (Williams et al, 2005). Failing to record the $3,200 as interest payment would render the accounting of Ontime Delivery Service inaccurate because the $60,000 in effect will appear to be personal money the balance sheet when in fact it came from a

The impact of the foreign intervention on the uprisings during the Essay

The impact of the foreign intervention on the uprisings during the Arab spring - Essay Example Foreign intervention has played significant role in accelerating the uprising and influencing their outcome. This paper examines the impact of foreign intervention on the Arab awakening. Origin of Arab uprising The extent of foreign intervention in Arab uprising varies across the different countries that experienced or are currently undergoing the upheavals. Before investigating the various foreign interventions, it is important to investigate the underlying social, economic and political factors in various Arab countries in North Africa and Middle East. According to Timo and Mika, protests in Tunisia and Egypt were driven by similar social, economic and political motives. Uprisings in both countries took an identical course of events that ultimately resulted to the fall of the existing governments. The dissatisfaction with the economic situation played a critical role in causing the uprising in Egypt and Tunisia. For several decades, both countries had initiated economic reforms to stimulate and enhance trade in the region in response to globalization. However, the reforms adversely affected the living standards of the majority middle and low-income groups creating resentment. Prior to the uprising in Tunisia and Egypt, majority of the citizens experienced decline in real wages, high inflation, and increasing levels of unemployment. The situation was worse among the youth, especially graduates, who experienced high levels of unemployment (Kitchen, 14). The â€Å"Jasmine Revolution† that was precursor to Arab spring in Tunisian was started by unemployed graduate Mohamed Bouazizi who set himself ablaze after he was denied authority to sell groceries in the streets of a Tunisian city(Kumaraswamy, 6) Although the economic reforms generated significant job opportunities, in these regions, most jobs were low skilled and of dismal wages. Moreover, the high population growth in these countries has not been accompanied by proportionate economic growth to absorb the citizens into the labor market. A combination of these factors left many unemployed and middle class youth disillusioned with countries’ political systems (Kumaraswamy, 6). The political structure in Egypt and Tunisia also played a critical role in causing the uprising. According to Timo and Mika, the political governance in these countries is dictatorial, where cronyism and nepotism reigned supreme. The poor, â€Å"unconnected† and educated individuals lacked access to employment opportunities while the crony capitalism amassed wealth and power in the country at the expense of meritocracy (5-6). The disenchanted but educated youth formed the core of the uprising in the affected countries. Political oppression is another major defining characteristic of the countries affected by the uprising. For long period, leadership in the affected Arabic countries has been autocratic, suppressing fundamental human rights and freedoms. In Egypt, the leadership of President Hosn i Mubarak was characterized by ruthless crackdown on public protests and other forms of expression. In addition, the government manipulated elections in favor of the incumbent, who had remained in power for over three decades. The government utilized state security agencies to

Monsanto Issue in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monsanto Issue in Europe - Essay Example This article will also discuss the global effects of the use of Monsanto products on humans, other organisms, and the environment. It will also give us some of the precautions that users of Monsanto products should consider before consuming the modified foods. The agricultural modified products in Europe banned due to claims of poisoning individuals. Due to the harmful factors associated with GMOs, Europe has involved its funds in fighting against the spread of such variety in its locality. It has only approved two varieties of GMOs to trade in their states. Varieties of corn and potato are licensed for trade (Wesley, Spital, and Lane 2002, p.3). Due to pressure from anti- GMOs, the government renews its contracts with the Monsanto Company every year to ensure that products introduced in the market are legal. The restrictions on trade of modified varieties hence need to remove such restrictions for the need for agricultural produce got sustain the increasing populations. To increase the market knowledge about the existence of these foods, the Monsanto group can make use of new marketing strategies, which are more likely to be efficient when compared to the old methods of advertising. Some of the new methods may involve active participation of the consumer and the government. The use of the social sites like internet pages may help establish a greater connectivity with the constituents in the market and hence increase the trust by the consumers. Other methods may involve giving samples to customers and giving reward to its consumers. Consumers also need to get approval from the authorities showing how efficient the products may be and assuring its natives of secure commodities. The consumer attitude towards this foods results to the need for the government to protect its citizens from harmful products that may endanger their lives.

Social Work Observation Report

Social Work Observation Report This essay will demonstrate a clear understanding of what the social work role is by reflecting on my shadowing experience and using this experience to provide a view of the differences between social work and social care. On October the 11th I was able to shadow a social worker on the sensory services team in Gloucestershire, whilst shadowing I was able to observe the social worker on two home visits. The first visit required the gathering of information from a carer to fill out a Carers Emergency Scheme plan. The second visit involved the completion of a Carers Assessment. Explain the role of the social worker observed, the difference in the social work role to that of a care role The role of my social worker was to assess the needs of the service users and also the needs of their carers. She was also able to give them some equipment such as a day light lamp to enhance the ability to read, however, I was informed by the social worker that she was in a different position than most social workers and that the ability to provide specialised equipment is an unusual opportunity for social workers. The role of a carer would contrast from this as a carer would have been able to support them with practical help. Skills for Care (2010) stated that Social care work is about helping people with their lives. People who have physical or psychological problems often require practical help coping with the everyday business of life. Social care provides this practical care. (cited in Trevithick, 2012). IFSW (2006:9) depicts that The term social workers refers to those workers trained to asses and respond to people with complex personal and social needs. It is a protected title and can only be used to refer to those who are qualified and registered and hold a social work qualification recognised by the General Social Care Council (GSCC) †¦Social workers carry out a variety of tasks, including casework, acting as an advocate, risk assessment and working as a care manager. As a profession, social work promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. (cited in Trevithick, 2012). These two definitions show a clear contrast between social care and social work but there is an evident overlap with the two roles, however, the professional accountability and legal requirements of a social worker implies a high importance that these two roles have clear distinctions. Where possible insights gained into service users and carers experience/perceptions of the service provided by the agency At the end of the first visit the lady was unclear on what a she was supposed to do so my social worker sat back down and explained to her that she had nothing to do and that she had nothing to worry about, this comment was repeated by the service user but I believe that this made the service user relax. On my second visit the gentleman that is caring for his wife got his calendar out to fix a date for the social worker to visit again, he told my social worker that he was busy on the day that she wanted to visit but said he would cancel his plans as he would much rather see her, I found this comment heart-warming. On this visit my social worker was able to provide the lady with a day light lamp to aid her sight when reading, I believe this was a good experience for the service user as she seemed very impressed with the lamp and read us her paper without the use of her magnifying glass. The gentleman also comment a few times about my social worker filling in the forms for him and that he would look at the next form but would wait and let her fill it in whilst she read out the questions, I think this showed that he had confidence in the ability of that social worker and that he trusted her. Discussion points raised about the work of the agency, its legislative and policy context When I spoke to the social worker about legislations and policies I was informed that this was a hard question to answer as there are numerous legislations that have to be consider when working for the sensory team, reciting them all would not be possible. I was told that the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 was one that could be remembered and then I was offered a printed copy of their policy that related to assessments. According to Horner (2006) the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 sought to change the balance of care with four key directions which gave the local authorities the responsibility to make plans to meet the needs identified in partnership with user and carers and to assess the needs of those requesting care. Davis (2012) states within the guide to adult assessment in Gloucestershire that people are put at the middle of the decision making with self-directed support, this allows choice and control over services that are received and who provides it. The carers assessment section seems relevant to my shadowing experience as this is what I observed, this section comments on the opportunity for the carer to give their perspective about the service user, approaching the identification and management of risk positively, procedures of safe guarding are explained and followed if this is an issue, establishing if support is available and would be maintained and an encourage discussion for carers to have a Carers Needs Assessment. Outline how the experience links to the Professional Capabilities Framework and Standards of Proficiency The social work reform board developed the professional capabilities framework (PCF) to provide foundations for social work education and to support development after qualification. The PCF sets out the capabilities required, at every stage of career, for social workers in England (The college of social work). Social work knowledge, understanding and abilities are set out within the standards of proficiency, which was developed by the health and care council alongside the professional liaison group. In addition to this the PCF and the standards of proficiency both describe the expectations of social workers when they reach the end of their training and start practising (Health and care professions council). The shadowing experience links to the PCF as it allowed me to gain a better understanding of the social work role it also enhanced my ability to communicate on a professional level with emails and face to face conversations. This experience would also link to the standards of prof iciency due to the knowledge and understanding gained by observing a qualified social worker. Conclusion There are important differences between social work and social care and it is of high importance that these differences are not overlooked. Service users Policies and legislations used within an agency seem complex and numerous however, the policies of a particular area allow these complications to be simplified PCF and standards of proficiency have many immeasurably positive links to the experience and opportunity to shadow a social worker.

Wake Up, Stark County! :: Sleeping Disorders Essays

Wake Up, Stark County! Approximately 40 million Americans suffer from chronic disorders of sleep and wakefulness, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and insomnia. The majority of those affected remain undiagnosed and untreated. At the Doctors Hospital Center for Sleep Disorders, 1001 patients are regularly treated for some form of these disorders at the present time (Roman interview). Fewer than 5% of these patients are children and 65% are men over the age of 40. Dr. Frankie Roman, a Board Certified Sleep Specialist, operates this Center. It is the only one available to Stark County residents at this time. To adequately discuss these disorders, first we must provide a working definition of the individual conditions that the terms denote. Sleep apnea is a cessation of air exchange at the nose and mouth, lasting at least 10 seconds (Williams, pg. 48). Narcolepsy is a disorder of excessive sleepiness. This sleepiness is characterized by brief episodes of lapses into sleep that occur throughout the day, usually lasting less than an hour. Insomnia means an inability to sleep. There are many kinds of insomnia, some chemical, some emotional, and some psychological (Thorpy 104). In addition to the 40 million people with chronic sleep disorders, there are 20 to 30 million people who experience intermittent sleep-related problems. These may be due to demanding work schedules and/or various other lifestyle stress factors. The consequences of sleep disorders, sleep deprivation, and excessive sleepiness can be significant. They could even include morbidity. It has been estimated that, in 1990, sleep disorders and sleepiness cost the United States a minimum of $15.9 billion in direct costs alone (National Commission, vi). This estimate does not include the billions of dollars in indirect and related costs, such as those attributable to sleep-related disasters (e.g. Exxon Valdez grounding, motor vehicle accidents, and diminished productivity in the work place). Some sleep disorders are potentially fatal, while others are little more than an annoyance. Some are life-long, with effects on family members; others are brief and non-recurring. Falling asleep inappropriat ely can blot out a few minutes of television, or it can cause catastrophic damage to life and property. Patients are often thought to be lazy and can become socially isolated from friends and family. I am a victim of sleep disorders. I suffer from sleep apnea and narcolepsy. I am a regular patient at the Sleep Disorder Clinic at Doctors Hospital. Here, I am wired to various electrodes which protrude from my head and then am told to go to sleep naturally! My breathing and brain waves are monitored, and I am later informed of how many times a night I have ceased to breathe on my own.

Newman’s Sermon

A summary 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faith presumes. Reason examines. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because we believe one thing it is easier to believe the next. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faith and Reason have different starting points. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Faith has a bearing on practice. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faith is presumption rather than proof. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We cannot inherit faith but must acquire it for ourselves. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To have Faith is to test oneself. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion won’t convince someone who doesn’t want to be convinced. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What we believe is based upon our previous experience. 10.   Faith is a test of character not of intellect. 11.   Reason is opposed to Faith, but so is unbelief. 12.   Faith doesn’t depend upon intellectual ability. 13.   There seems to be no rule about what to believe and what not. A safe guard is there needed. Many think this should be education. Faith is then an act of reason. Not so. Faith’s safeguard is a right state of heart. 18 and 19. Personal faith is the way to eternal life. 20. Because we love we can recognise the love of the Saviour. 21.We believe because we love. 22,23,24. Examples from scripture. 25. Holiness and love will keep us safe and on track. 26. Faith is an act of reason and based upon a presumption prompted by love 27. Faith turns us away from evil towards good. 28. Lack of faith leads to disobedience. 29. For the Christian faith supercedes sacrifice because of the atonement. 30. For many Christians their faith is tinged with superstition. 31. We should act on faith   and so not be misled as to what is God’s will. 32. Gospel truths cannot be contradicted by modern ideas. 33. Paul said the   gospel was the fulfilment of the law. 34. Judaizers first believed, but clung to law. 35. The Gospel completes the faith of the Jews. 36. It builds on what is revealed by nature 37. True faith is moving from the unknown to the known, from darkness to light. 38. That is all we need. Love, the safeguard of faith against superstition â€Å"The sheep follow Him, for they know His voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him, for they know not the voice of strangers.† John 10 v. 4, 5. 1.Looked at logically Faith has this characteristic – it presumes, it trusts, rather than looking at evidence, rather than by measuring and examining. This is what distinguishes it from Knowledge as we use that word in our everyday lives. We say we know something when we have found it out by natural methods. We can be said to know a mathematical fact when we can demonstrate it to be true. We know that things are present because we sense them. We know about events that take place by using our moral judgement and so judge them to be good or bad. We know about the past and things we will never see by the evidence that we find . When for instance we hear testimony of a miracle occurring from honest men who are neither being deceived or out to deceive us we may be said to know what they testify to as fact. We know about the nature of the case because of the Evidence and when we believe in a miracle because of such Evidence we can be said to believe because of reason. 2. By using our reason we look at the evidence and we believe, and because we believe one thing we can go forward and believe something else. In the general sense Faith is this kind of knowledge – a presumption based on evidence. But as in earlier discourses Reason can be contrasted with Faith as meaning what can be inferred from evidence and which therefore leads to knowledge. 3. Faith is based on presumption and Reason on factual knowledge. Reason makes the fact that is to ascertained the most important point [1].It then looks at the evidence available. It doesn’t exclude what has gone before [2], but doesn’t begin with that. Faith has a different starting point. It begins on a basis of previous knowledge and opinions which, though they may not lead to exactly the same conclusion tend towards it. To take a step of faith is to act before absolute certainty. It could be said to be against Reason or even to triumph over Reason, to take hold of what Reason sees as beyond its reach. Faith is beyond argument, and so is not capable of being argued against and cannot defend itself by using logic i.e. it seems illogical. 4. So why are we bothering with it. Because I believe that Faith has a bearing on practice. Our text was ‘The sheep follow him because they know his voice.’ Their faith leads them to follow. 5. As things turn out day by day we see that Faith is a judgement made by reaching out towards facts, a presumption in their proof, rather than a search for proof. There is no doubt that for the vast majority of sincerely religious   who stake their happiness upon Faith, do so not from examination of the facts , but from a spontaneous move of the heart. They reach out to meet with God despite the fact that they can’t see him. They discern his presence in symbols that are provided [3]. They may perhaps later examine more closely the evidence on which their faith is founded and see whether or not they are justified in believing, but their faith did not begin with the evidence, nor is it affected by the strength of their knowledge,[4] although it may be strengthened by such knowledge. They believe because of something within themselves, not basing their faith only on what Religion teaches. 6. Many Christians can be said to have merely inherited the Faith. They need a faith of their own. 7. Everyone needs to test his own Faith rather than merely accept what he is told. 8. Not that such evidence is deficient, but whether of true religion or a false one the evidence for or against religion is not of the kind that will convince someone against his will. I don’t mean that the evidence has no value one way or another, for or against Christianity, but that few people, in the bustle of their daily lives, have time to consider all the evidence before making decisions. Most of us, most of the time, make judgements by stepping out and meeting the evidence to a greater or lesser degree.[5] 9. This is the way in which we make judgements, because we cannot do it any other way. We act upon only part of the evidence. We make judgements based on the way we feel, how credulous we are, and what seems feasible and safe often based on our previous experience. It is the same with religious experiences. When we apparently experience the supernatural we judge it according to how much we want to believe it. Such judgements are based upon such things as our views of life and our knowledge of the miraculous. We decide whether or not something is true according to how the alleged miracle fits into our existing religious life and knowledge. 10. These religious judgements are not exactly like those we make in our ordinary lives. Evidence about worldly matters is all around us and our minds are not necessarily capable or discrimination between truth and falsehood. Religious facts are fewer in number and of a different kind and the powers we use to judge them are correspondingly stronger. Even the wisest person can make worldly judgements that are wrong, and go against the evidence available, but this does not necessarily mean that even the most ordinary intellect need be wrong in making judgements about the more important kingdom of heaven. I believe that a merciful God are so ordered things that faith, based on presumption, will lead to the same conclusions as if, as the minority do, we carefully examine the evidence. I am not speaking of the trustworthiness of Faith, but of its nature. Faith is a test of moral character. This is the essence of religious faith as opposed to Reason, which by its nature excludes prejudice or what we want to happen in favour of carefully examining the facts. We make multiple decisions on the way when using reason, before we come to a fixed conclusion. This means that there is little merit in getting   the right answer in, for example , a mathematical problem or indeed little guilt involved in making a wrong decision because of a faulty memory. 11. So we see Faith as being opposed to Reason, but we must not forget that Unbelief is also opposed to Reason. Unbelief considers itself to be totally logical, but when it comes to questions of religion Unbelief criticizes the evidence not in a logical way, but because it doesn’t suit. It makes presumptions in a similar way to that which Faith does, but in a negative rather than a positive way. It is the opposite of Faith. It considers religion to be so impossible that it fails to see the evidence. Unbelievers consider themselves rational beings, but they do not decide by evidence. They just make decisions and stick with them. Hume,[6] in the case of alleged miracles, said ‘What have we to oppose†¦..but the absolute impossibility or miraculous nature of the events†¦.’ Hume   sees improbability as sufficient reason for denying the evidence, but presumptions made on either the   side of Faith or Unbelief cannot, by their nature, be proved. Hume went on to say of Faith, ‘Mere Reason is insufficient to convince us of its veracity. 12. Faith   is an exercise of presumptive reasoning which is open to all and does not depend upon intellectual ability. If the majority believe, not because of careful examination of the evidence, but because they are ‘ordained to eternal life’ then this must be the way that God wants it. There may be difficulties with our Faith, but let us face up to them and so overcome them. 13. Such a view of Faith may be made an excuse for all kinds of bigotry and lead to superstition. There seems to be no rule for what is to be believed and what not. If we are to accept the miracles and Revelations of Christianity why not those of other faiths? 14. So a safeguard is needed if Faith is not to become superstition.   The consensus seems to be that if you educate people about their Faith and encourage them to reflect you will avoid fanaticism and superstition. 15. If this is so then Faith is an act of Reason. 16.Yet I deny that any intellectual act is necessary for right Faith, that it needs to be more than a presumption or that it necessarily needs to be fortified by education. The safeguard of Faith is a right state of heart. It is holiness and love which is the principles behind true faith. 17.18.19. Christ is the way into the kingdom of God. Knowing him in a personal way and following him in Faith is the way to eternal life. 20. The Jews didn’t love Christ   and so were unable   to see him as Saviour. Just as a child trusts his parents because of the affection he receives so we believe because we love . 21. Just as sheep do not follow a stranger so we won’t be misled if we know and follow Christ. We believe because we love. 22. This doctrine is expounded in several places such as Ist Corinthians 2 which teaches us the worthlessness of natural Reason. 23.24. Other examples from scripture. 25. Holiness and love are what keep us on track and prevent us getting caught out by things that are wrong. 26. Right Faith is the Faith of a right mind. It is an intellectual act, an act of reasoning based upon presumption and stirred into action by a spirit of love and purity. We will recognise true Revelation because it not be in opposition to the nature of God. 27. Superstition is the worship of evil spirits. Faith is an instinct of Love towards both God and man. It will cause us to turn from what is evil and towards what is good. 28. Lack of faith leads to disobeying God’s laws. 29. However what is superstition for a Jew or Christian is not necessarily so for a heathen   who is not bound by the rules of his Faith. Blood sacrifices for a heathen are not   necessarily superstitious, but for the Christian they have been superseded by the   blood of Christ in the Atonement. 30. Take the example of the viper which bit St Paul on Malta. The people might have been mistaken in believing him to be a god, but at least they were aware of the possibility of heavenly intervention in human life. They weren’t Christians but they recognised the presence of God with Paul. 31. The woman with an issue of blood. Was that superstition? Her action did not fit with what she knew. She recognised in Jesus someone who could save her, yet she stayed on the edge. She didn’t want to bother him. Yet Christ commended her faith . In her faith tinged with superstition and humility we see many believers through the ages, who impair their true vision of God by concentrating on outward emblems. 32. In I Kings 13 we have the story of prophet of Judah who was credulous enough to be misled by the lying prophet. Not   a well known story, but an important one as it reminds us that even God’s people can be led astray. 33 It is not Faith but superstition that leads to stories of omens, charms and so on. We have found Christ already. If the doctrine of today contradicts that which has already been revealed we must disguard it or face the consequences. 34. That was what the Judaizers did. They received the Spirit but went back to the Law. Paul fought against such ideas and   proclaimed that the Gospel was the true fulfilment of the Law. 35. In the case of the heathen he paid respect to their beliefs, but tried to show how the Gospel was the completion of Faith.[7], a fulfilment of what had already been revealed to them by nature. This is real Faith, a moving forward, closer to God. A move from the known to the unknown. It is made perfect not by intellect but by obedience, the act of a pure, obedient and devout mind. 37.This is sufficient. [1] As when a scientist states the hypothesis which his experiment will prove [2] As when Newton said ‘I stand on the shoulders of giants.’ [3] Such as the bread and wine of communion. [4] And so is not affected by their intellectual capacity – a child may have faith and so may a university don. [5] As when we meet someone for the first time and make judgements about his character based on only a brief acquaintance. [6] David Hume, Philosopher, ‘An enquiry concerning human understanding’. [7]   Acts 17 v 16 ff.